KEY POINTS
- Moody’s has upgraded Ghana’s credit rating from ‘Caa3’ to ‘Caa2’ due to progress in its debt restructuring efforts, with the outlook revised to positive.
- The upgrade reflects successful steps taken in restructuring Ghana’s domestic and external debt, leading to a more stable economic environment.
- This improved rating will enhance Ghana’s ability to attract more favorable borrowing terms in international markets.
This year’s upgrade of Ghana’s credit rating by Moody’s to ‘Caa2’ and the positive outlook is a major achievement in the country’s economic path. As reported by Reuters, this change comes after Ghana has worked hard to re-establish its debt profile during what could be described as a challenging time for the country’s economy and should be seen as an endorsement of the country’s fiscal discipline.
A historical debt burden
Ghana has been characterized by high debt levels for a long time due to poor fiscal policies, borrowing and external factors such as price volatility of commodities and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Since the early 1980s, Ghana has depended on the IMF and similar organizations to bail it out when the economy gets out of hand. In Ghana, the IMF has played a crucial role as a source of funding and as a watchdog on the country’s fiscal policies.
However, these interventions have frequently been accompanied by painful reforms that in turn have caused social unrest. Between 2020 and 2023 Ghana’s debt levels became unsustainable and the government began the process of debt restructuring.
The country aimed at reducing its public debt to a more manageable level by reaching an agreement with the creditors and through the implementation of fiscal measures to decrease expenditure and raise income. This was done while attempting to prevent more social disorder and inflation which would negatively impact the country’s most vulnerable citizens.
Especially with the international bondholders and the IMF, the debt restructuring program played a major role in the latest rating increase by Moody’s.
The significance of Moody’s upgrade
The upgrade from ‘Caa3’ to ‘Caa2’ indicates that it is less risky to lend money to the country even though the country’s financial status remains speculative according to international standards. The shift in outlook to ‘positive’ from ‘stable’ is an appreciation of efforts that Ghana has made in placing its fiscal on the right track through its debt restructuring. This change is significant for several reasons:
- Investor confidence: The upgrade could increase the FDI inflow into the country. Ghana with natural resources such as gold, oil, and cocoa has been a preferred location to invest. However, recent financial instability has turned off investors. Moody’s may have given a positive signal to investors to venture into the country thereby enhancing capital risks associated with investment.
- Lower borrowing costs: A high credit rating could lower the cost at which Ghana would access credit in the foreign markets. This is important because lower borrowing cost implies that the government can borrow at lower costs and hence acquire funds for infrastructure development, healthcare, and education. This in a way assists in creating employment for the citizens and also, assist in meeting the developmental issues of the country without increasing the national debt.
- Support for economic growth: Consequently, with the debt restructuring and improvement in the ratings, the government of Ghana’s economic policies will probably be oriented towards the development of the non-resource sectors. Ghana has been trying to transform its economy, to decrease its dependency on the exportation of such products as gold and oil. If credit rating is improved, then the country can concentrate on the growth of sectors like agriculture, technology, and manufacturing.
- Positive impact on local businesses: It has a bearing on local businesses too, as Moody’s upgrades its rating. This is because when the government has a strong financial position it becomes easier for the domestic firms to expand. Loans become cheaper, and since the economy is becoming more stable, buyers’ demand should also increase. This can foster economic growth from within that is, without resorting to borrowing from the international market or begging for aid.
- Ghana’s debt sustainability challenge: While the enhanced credit rating is a welcome development, Ghana’s debt sustainability is still questionable. Although the debt restructuring exercises have helped somewhat, Ghana still has the problem of how it is to handle its future borrowing in order not to go through what it has been through in the past. Political stability and good economic policies will be important in that Ghana will not experience high levels of debt again.
Public sentiment and long-term prospects
However, this positive news has not necessarily made the public in Ghana very cheerful. The effects of the IMF interventions and economic difficulty are still vivid in many Ghanaians’ minds. Inflation, high unemployment, and the increasing cost of living are issues that will continue to reoccur in the country and the government will need to deal with them.
Furthermore, the prospects of Ghana’s debt restructuring and economic revival will also depend on future fiscal and socio-economic policies.
The government will have to convince the public and explain the advantages of debt restructuring to them. This will require guaranteeing that the growth is felt at the grassroots level and that credit ratings and international investments are felt by the ordinary Ghanaian.
The capacity to fix infrastructure, generate employment, and deliver social services will be vital in guaranteeing that the economy of Ghana will recover sustainably. This is because recently global credit rating agency, Moody’s upgraded Ghana’s credit rating to Caa2 which is an indication that the country is gradually recovering from the economic meltdown. It focuses on the achievements of debt restructuring measures and indicates the growing interest from the global markets.
Despite the difficulties of managing Ghana’s debt burden and promoting sustainable development, the relatively favourable outlook presents fresh opportunities in investment, diversification, and growth.
